Introduction: Fatigue’s Threat to Aviation Safety
Fatigue is a critical risk in aviation, contributing to 70–80% of incidents by impairing cognitive function, reaction times, and decision-making. From pilots on long-haul flights to MRO technicians working night shifts, fatigue undermines safety across operations. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandate Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) within Safety Management Systems (SMS) to mitigate this threat, as outlined in ICAO Annex 19 and FAA Part 5 (expanded in 2024 to include Part 145 MROs).