Aviation safety hinges on proactive risk management, and Safety Management Systems (SMS) provide the framework to achieve this. Within the aviation SMS ecosystem, two voluntary programs—Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) and Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)—play pivotal roles in enhancing safety.
These programs, widely adopted in the U.S. under the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and aligned with global standards like those of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), offer unique approaches to hazard identification and risk mitigation.